What phrase describes the transition making the modern ultrasonic sensor distinct from earlier specialized systems?

Answer

Applied systems integration

The invention of the modern, small, self-contained ultrasonic sensor module is not credited to a single dramatic breakthrough like Langevin’s initial acoustic transmitter. Instead, its realization stemmed from successful engineering optimization across multiple domains following the foundational work in physics and medicine. The key evolutionary step was successfully miniaturizing, cost-reducing, and hardening the necessary components—the piezoelectric element, driving circuitry, and receiver—into a single, durable enclosure. This process, focusing on packaging and making the technology reliable for factory floors subjected to vibration and dust, defines the achievement as primarily one of applied systems integration rather than a single, novel invention moment.

What phrase describes the transition making the modern ultrasonic sensor distinct from earlier specialized systems?

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