During the intense legal disputes following the 1850s, which inventor’s fundamental patent did manufacturers like Singer have to license?

Answer

Elias Howe Jr.’s lockstitch patent

Howe held the fundamental patent for the lockstitch mechanism until 1867, which meant manufacturers like Singer had to secure licenses or face litigation over the core mechanical concept.

During the intense legal disputes following the 1850s, which inventor’s fundamental patent did manufacturers like Singer have to license?
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