What specific mechanism did Watt patent in 1781 to convert linear motion into continuous rotation?
Answer
The sun and planet gear system
The initial atmospheric engine and Watt's early improved versions only provided reciprocating (up-and-down) motion, which was suitable for pumping water but inadequate for driving complex machinery like lathes or spinning frames. To adapt the engine for general factory use, Watt needed a way to convert this linear push/pull into smooth, continuous rotary motion. In 1781, he patented the sun and planet gear system specifically for this purpose. This invention marked a decisive step, allowing the reliable power generated by steam to be applied directly to the various mechanical tools and devices central to textile and other manufacturing processes.
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