What key feature allowed Newcomen's system to run continuously without constant manual intervention for valve control?

Answer

A self-operating mechanism triggering injection and steam cutoff based on piston position

A major improvement over earlier, sporadic pumping methods was Newcomen's incorporation of an automated system for controlling the steam and injection valves throughout the cycle. When the piston reached its peak upward position (the recovery stroke), this mechanism automatically triggered the cold water injection necessary for condensation and vacuum formation. As the piston began its downward descent due to atmospheric pressure, the same mechanism ensured the steam inlet valve was closed and the injection water draining sequence was initiated, preparing the cylinder for the next admission of steam once the bottom stroke was reached. This cyclical, self-regulating action meant the engine could function without interruption, day and night, which was essential for dewatering critical mines.

What key feature allowed Newcomen's system to run continuously without constant manual intervention for valve control?

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