How did Samuel Brown's gas vacuum engine, introduced in the 1820s, generate motion?
Answer
Using an external flame to heat air within a cylinder
The engine created by Samuel Brown operated on the principle of atmospheric pressure differences rather than internal combustion of a mixture. By using an external flame to heat the air inside a cylinder, the engine caused air expansion that pushed a piston outward. As the air subsequently cooled, it created a vacuum that drew the piston back into position. Because the heat source was external and not the ignition of a fuel mixture inside the chamber, this design differed fundamentally from the later internal combustion engines.
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