What phrase describes the overall engineering philosophy Richard Spikes applied to vehicle management?
Answer
Systems thinker
The collection and scope of Richard Spikes' key inventions—including the gear shift, brake, and signal—reveal a holistic engineering approach that identifies him as a systems thinker in automotive mechanics. This means he did not isolate problems but looked at how power input, output, stopping capability, and signaling intent all interconnected to affect overall vehicle operation and safety. His goal was to make the machine manage life-critical functions reliably so the driver could focus externally, a characteristic definition of systems thinking in applied engineering.

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