What crucial physical dimension determined the success of the ballpoint pen's mechanism?

Answer

The extremely tight tolerance between the ball and the metal tip

The success hinged on the minute dimensions; if the gap between the ball (which typically has a diameter of 0.5 to 1.2 millimeters) and the housing was too loose or too tight, the pen would either flood or fail to write.

What crucial physical dimension determined the success of the ballpoint pen's mechanism?
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