What development characterized the second stage (Early 2000s) in the progression of state-level Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)?

Answer

The move to real-time or near real-time electronic reporting, exemplified by Asher's championing.

The evolution of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) occurred in distinct phases corresponding to technological advancement. The earliest systems, pre-2000s, were often manual or used basic batch processing. The subsequent stage, occurring in the early 2000s, marked a significant technological improvement: the shift to online adoption. This meant transitioning to electronic reporting systems capable of providing information in real-time or near real-time, a development exemplified by the infrastructure championed by Hank Asher.

What development characterized the second stage (Early 2000s) in the progression of state-level Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)?
druginventionsystemtracking