What critical limitation exists in the original Modbus specification concerning data security?

Answer

It has no inherent security features, transmitting data in clear text.

A significant drawback of the original Modbus specification, especially when traversing modern IP-based networks, is the complete lack of built-in security features. Data payloads, including commands and status readings, are transmitted in clear text. This exposes the system to risks such as eavesdropping or unauthorized manipulation of control commands. While users often mitigate this by isolating Modbus traffic on secure networks, security management must be implemented externally to the protocol layer itself to manage these inherent vulnerabilities.

What critical limitation exists in the original Modbus specification concerning data security?
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