What primarily powered timekeeping mechanisms before the invention of the spring clock?

Answer

Falling weights or draining liquid

Prior to the spring clock, timekeeping mechanisms relied overwhelmingly on gravity, using falling weights or draining liquid (like in water clocks) to power their movements. This is contrasted with the dependence on vertical gravity inherent in weight-driven clocks.

What primarily powered timekeeping mechanisms before the invention of the spring clock?
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