What does modern pedal-assist technology measure to provide a proportionate boost of power?

Answer

The rider's pedaling effort

The sophisticated systems introduced in the modern era of e-bikes, often referred to as pedal-assist technology, operate on a system of proportionality rather than simple on/off power delivery. These systems incorporate sensors that actively measure the force or cadence applied by the rider through the pedals. The controller then delivers an output of electrical power that corresponds directly to the effort exerted by the rider, creating a seamless and natural extension of their own cycling power. This design contrasts significantly with early motorized concepts that often just provided full, unregulated mechanical assistance, making the ride feel more integrated and drastically reducing physical fatigue.

What does modern pedal-assist technology measure to provide a proportionate boost of power?
inventionVehicleMotortransportbicycle