How did penny-farthing riders attempt to slow down without modern braking systems?
Answer
By applying back pressure against the forward motion of the pedals.
The braking system on the high-wheeler was intrinsically linked to the direct drive mechanism. Since the pedals were fixed to the hub, the primary method of slowing down involved the rider actively resisting the forward motion by pushing backward against the rotating pedals. This created resistance, essentially acting as a crude form of engine braking. However, this technique carried its own severe risk: if the back pressure was applied too forcefully or too suddenly, it would stop the wheel abruptly, leading to the pitch-forward motion characteristic of the header hazard. Effective braking required a delicate balance of skill and force application.
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