instrument articles
Who invented the original acoustic stethoscope in 1816?
When did the electronic stethoscope appear, marking a departure from mechanical conduction?
Which foundational audio engineering innovation underpins devices converting subtle body sounds to electrical signals?
Whose work on the electret microphone represents foundational audio engineering for electronic stethoscopes?
What feature generally defines a "smart stethoscope" compared to an electronic version?
How many different heart conditions can a prominent AI stethoscope detect in just 15 seconds?
Which institution is noted for conducting clinical validation studies for AI model efficacy?
Which researchers at Johns Hopkins University are developing smart stethoscopes with NIH support?
Which trio of heart conditions are explicitly listed as examples of rapid identification by smart devices?
What is the primary goal underpinning the modern invention of the AI-augmented stethoscope?
What are the Greek root words that form the term 'odometer'?
What ingenious method is Hero of Alexandria credited with using in his early mechanical odometer design?
What physical principle did Stephen Holland utilize in his 1698 design for a speedometer?
What key technological component powered early mass-produced automotive speedometers?
Which inventor secured the patent for the first device specifically designed as an *automotive* speedometer in 1901?
What was the initial priority that drove the concept of measuring distance, according to the text?
What primary role does the speedometer fulfill regarding vehicle operation?
What issue made Stephen Holland's water-based speedometer largely an academic curiosity?
What replaced the flexible shaft in modern automotive measurement systems?
What benefit is sometimes lost when transitioning from analog dials to modern digital readouts?
Who is most widely credited with inventing the recognizable pressure gauge utilizing the curved tube principle?
Around what year did Eugène Bourdon develop and patent his breakthrough pressure gauge design?
What shape is the hollow, flattened metal tube that forms the heart of the Bourdon gauge mechanism?
When pressure is introduced into the Bourdon tube, what action causes the mechanism to move?
How is the small straightening motion of the Bourdon tube translated into a readable indication?
What major technological feedback loop did the Bourdon gauge provide for steam engine management?
Besides the Bourdon tube, what alternative mechanical assemblies are mentioned for sensing pressure changes?
What capability did the Bourdon gauge enable that was vital for the scaling of industrial processes?
How do digital pressure gauges fundamentally differ from Bourdon mechanical gauges in terms of output?